据调查发现,我国每年约产生畜禽粪污38亿吨(Peng et al., 2020)。若这些畜禽粪污处理不当造成堆积,粪污中的有害病原微生物、重金属元素、恶臭气体等,会严重威胁动物和人类的健康(符世雄等, 2021;Osman et al., 2019),这导致畜禽养殖中的废弃物处理问题引起了广泛的社会关注。因此,如何快速、高效以及无害化的处理这些粪污,已经成为了当今畜牧养殖急需解决的重点问题。
发酵床是控制畜禽粪便排放、减少粪污堆积和污染的一种养殖技术(Jeppsson 1999)。大量研究发现,发酵床的使用对猪(肖翰等,2017 )、鸡(Wan et al., 2021)、 牛( Fernandez et al., 2020 ;Leso et al., 2020)的饲养以及粪污处理都起到了积极的作用,但对于鹅粪污处理的研究较少,这严重制约了鹅产业的发展。鹅粪具有含水率大、含氮量高、难降解纤维含量大的特点(Hassan et al., 2022),因此使用常见的畜禽粪污堆肥方式具有一定的局限性,故如何根据鹅粪污特点选择经济适用的处理方式保证发酵床的高效运转显得尤为重要。
玉米为我省的主要经济作物,据统计我省每年均可产生大约1.3亿吨的玉米秸秆废弃物(张方政等, 2023),这些秸秆大多数被用于焚烧或者废弃,造成了资源的浪费和环境污染。玉米秸秆富含纤维素以及半纤维素,可以为堆肥过程中微生物的繁殖提供充足的碳源,是良好的粪污堆肥基质(Maeda 2020)。因此畜禽养殖过程中的发酵床为玉米秸秆的利用提供了新思路。然而如何用有效的方式处理这些玉米秸秆作为鹅养殖垫料,使其能够高效降解鹅粪便并且减少环境污染成为了研究的重点与难点。
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